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Lower limb muscle cramps can affect individuals for a number of reasons but mostly occur during exercise, at nighttime in older people, in pregnant women, in people with a neurological disease and during kidney dialysis.  All current and highly cited literature conclude that hypo hydration (3% wt loss) and electrolyte depletion, whether sodium, potassium, magnesium or calcium (nothing on Phosphorous or Chloride) ...

Staying hydrated, especially during the hot and humid summer months, is imperative. Exercising for longer than 45 minutes or doing physically demanding work outdoors for extended periods of time may also require fluids with additional electrolytes - however most individuals can maintain an electrolyte balance simply by drinking enough water and eating a balanced diet (1,2). Before reaching for expensive sports drinks and electrolyte-enhanced waters it is important to analyze your personal hydrat...