Dietary and nutrition recommendations typically focus on the quality and quantity of the food rather
than on when it is consumed.  New evidence has emerged to help shed light on the relationship between mealtime and its physiological effects.  This week, a study that will be published in the Journal of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences sought to demonstrate the intersection of the circadian system (internal body clock), the behavioral cycle (including the sleep/wake an...

As of 2014, approximately 9.3% of the population (29.1 million people) have either Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes in the United States (1). With the growing epidemic of diabetes and the increase in the number of people that live to old age, it is essential to determine the long-term effects of how diabetes impacts physiological structure and function. It has long been understood that diabetes can cause damage to the eyes, kidneys, and heart. Less often talked about is the effect of diabetes on t...

In those without Type-1 Diabetes, insulin regulates blood sugar by allowing cells in the body to turn the sugar in the blood stream into energy. In those living with this kind of diabetes, the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin and other blood sugar-regulating hormones are destroyed by the immune system, so diabetics produce no insulin on their own. Additional abnormalities are often also present, including abnormal secretion and/or action of glucagon (1), the hormone produced to raise b...